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KKDF (Resource Utilization Support Fund) is a 15% fund charged on consumer loan interest. It increases the total cost by being added on top of the loan interest. For example, at a monthly 2% interest rate, the effective rate with KKDF becomes 2.003%.

BSMV (Banking and Insurance Transactions Tax) is a 10% tax on banking transactions. It is calculated on loan interest and added to the total loan cost together with KKDF.

Loan installments are calculated using the annuity (equal installment) formula. Each installment contains principal and interest portions: in early months, the interest portion is higher and principal lower. As the term progresses, the interest portion decreases and principal increases.

Personal loans are for free use and generally have higher interest. Mortgages are for real estate purchase, with long terms and lower interest. Auto loans are for vehicle purchase. The monthly installment calculation method is the same for all three types; the difference is in interest rates and term options.

The effective interest rate is the real cost rate after KKDF and BSMV are added to the nominal interest rate applied by the bank. Looking at the effective rate provides a more accurate comparison when comparing loans.